Other Procedures

Displaying 2 treatments.

Vascular Surgery

WHAT IS VARICOSE?

Overview

It is the appearance of veins under the skin as blue, enlarged and folded. Although swelling is seen as a result of the expansion of the veins at the beginning, with the increase in varicose findings, large vein clusters can be formed and even cracks can be seen in the veins.Although it is mostly uncomfortable in terms of appearance in the first years, it can cause pain in the later process. When venous failure improves, swelling occurs in the legs. If clots occur in varicose veins, thrombophlebitis occurs, which manifests itself with pain, swelling and redness in the legs.If clots occur in varicose veins, thrombophlebitis occurs, which manifests itself with pain, swelling and redness in the legs. If clots occur in varicose veins, thrombophlebitis occurs, which appears as pain, swelling and redness in the legs.

What are the Symptoms of Varicose Veins?

  1. – Blue-purple swelling in the legs
  2. – Feeling of heaviness in the legs
  3. – Numbness in the legs
  4. – Pain and itching in the legs

Why Does Varicose Occur?

  • Many factors play a role in the formation of varicose veins. Obesity, standing for a long time, spesific occupations, pregnancy, long-term use of birth control pills, hormonal treatments, tight clothing, old age, genetic factors and constipation are the main causes.
  • Varicose veins occur as a result of the failure of the valves that help the blood in the veins to move against gravity. The blood constantly moves towards gravity and edema occurs in the legs.
  • Varicose veins can occur at any level of the veins. Sometimes this enlargement can even be caused by a clogged vessel

What are the Types of Varicose Veins?

  • Capillary varicose veins (Telengiectasia)
  • Great Vein Varices
  • Reticular varices
  • Capillary Varicose Veins; They look like spider webs in appearance. They are very common after pregnancy and in women using hormones.
  • Reticular varicose veins are composed of slightly raised and blue colored veins from the skin, which are mostly seen behind the knee and around the ankle.
  • Great Vein Varices are seen in the insufficiency of the large vein called the saphenous vein and the small vein called the parval vein in the leg. They become greenish and are raised from the skin.

What Kind of Problems Cause Varicose Veins?

At first, they only cause discomfort in appearance, then severe pain in the leg, inflammation in the veins (thrombophlebitis), clot formation in the varicose vein and then pulmonary embolism can be seen with the clot going to the lungs.

Treatment of Varicose Veins

  • The most traditional method is to remove the varicose vein. However, the recovery period after surgery is long. Applying foam into the vein is another method. However, the probability of recurrence is high.
  • In laser treatment, a catheter is placed into the vein and a beam is sent from the laser device to burn the vascular endothelium.
  • The same method can be done using Radiofrequency waves.
  • Another method is the peripheral vein embolization technique, which is called an embolizing agent and is a method of injecting the lumen into the vein through a catheter and attaching the lumen.
  • All these procedures can only be performed under local anesthesia and patients can be discharged after a day treatment.

Can the growth of varicose be prevented?

  • 1- Not working by standing for a long time
  • 2- Losing excess weight
  • 3- Not sitting cross-legged for a long time
  • 4- Not wearing very tight and tight clothes
  • 5- If you have been standing for a long time, resting by lying down and raising your legs
  • 6- To avoid constipation, to consume high-fiber foods
  • 7- Regular exercise (running, walking, cycling, swimming)
  • 8- The use of compression stockings by professionals who make it necessary to stand
  • 9- Walking occasionally on long journeys

Peripheral Artery Disease

Peripheral arterial disease includes all arterial diseases except the heart and brain. It occurs when the arteries that provide blood flow to the arms, legs and internal organs are completely or partially blocked due to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries).Peripheral arterial disease, chest pain during exercise or intermittent leg pain with walking (claudication intermittant); These are examples of situations where the increased oxygen and blood needs of the tissue cannot be met.In rare cases, open wounds, gangrene or other injuries that are very difficult to heal can occur as a result of peripheral vascular disease and reduced blood flow to the arms or particularly the legs.5% of men over the age of 50 have peripheral vascular disease. It is more common in men than in women.

Factors That Cause Atherosclerosis

  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Chronic Kidney Failure
  • Hypertension
  • Family history
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • High LDL-cholesterol
  • Low HDL-cholesterol

Peripheral Vascular Disease Symptoms

  • Numbness in the legs
  • Weakness and atrophy in the calf muscles
  • Feeling of coldness in the legs and feet
  • Color change in the feet (pale when lifted up, dark red color when lowered
  • Loss of hair on the back of the feet and thickening of the nails
  • Formation of painful open sores (ulcer) in severe obstructions and development of gangrene on the fingers

TREATMENT

Medical:

  • Quitting smoking, regulating cholesterol level, keeping blood pressure under control
  • If you have diabetes, keep it under control
  • Regular use of blood thinners
  • Regular exercise

Surgery:

Endarterectomy and peripheral bypass are used in the surgical treatment of peripheral vascular disease. It is the provision of blood flow with a vein or a synthetic vessel (graft) taken from the body, through a path created before and after the occluded area.Endarterectomy is the removal of the plaque layer that causes obstruction in the vessel going to the arm, leg or neck.As an interventional procedure in suitable patients; balloon angioplasty and, if necessary, stenting are also performed.

Breast Cancer Surgery

BREAST CANCER SURGERY

Preparing for Surgery

As you work with your doctor to plan your surgery, you’ll be asked about your medical history. Your medical history plays an important part in keeping you safe during surgery. This is not a time to hold back any information, even if you think it’s irrelevant or find it embarrassing. Tell your doctor or the hospital staff EVERYTHING.

No matter what kind of operation you’re having, you must inform your doctor of 1) any past bad reactions to procedures or medications (including allergies), 2) any drugs you’re presently taking or have just stopped taking (prescription, non-prescription, “recreational”), and 3) any vitamins and herbal supplements you’re taking.

Your doctor will ask you to stop taking aspirin and any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (such as ibuprofen) several weeks before surgery. Some medications you take can have serious effects on your body’s ability to handle the shock of surgery and heal well afterwards. Again, no one wants any surprises during surgery.

Preoperative testing

In the weeks or days before surgery, you’ll need to have tests to make sure your body can handle the anesthesia and the operation. Although you may not need every one of these tests, here are the most common tests: A chest X-ray and electrocardiogram (EKG) will show whether your lungs and heart are working properly. Blood tests will check your blood counts, your liver and kidney function, and your risk of bleeding or infection. A urine test can find out about your kidney function and look for infections. Sometimes other tests, such as **CAT scans**, are given to check for tumor location and size. A CAT scan can also determine whether a tumor is involved with other parts of the body. You may also be asked whether you have diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, or other conditions that could affect surgery.

Surgery and your menstrual cycle

There is still some question about whether the timing of surgery in relation to the menstrual cycle has any effect on its success. You may want to discuss this with your doctor.

The Day of Surgery

Food and drink

Your doctor will tell you not to eat or drink anything after midnight on the night before surgery. This is to reduce the chance that food and stomach acids might be vomited during surgery and enter your lungs while you are under anesthesia. Vomiting into the lungs is a rare but potentially very serious complication of general anesthesia, so you should take to heart the rules about food and drink after midnight.

A buddy is a good idea

If you are going to have same-day or outpatient surgery, you’re required to have someone with you to help you get home. Even if you are very strong and independent, find someone to be there with you. It’s nice to have someone with you no matter what kind of surgery you’re having. Just the process of being admitted to the hospital can be overwhelming.

Going home on the same day is challenging. Many of the medications used during the surgery will still be in your system, making it hard to get around. If you are staying in the hospital overnight and want your friend or relative to be admitted to your room after surgery, be sure to tell your doctor or the hospital staff.

Informed consent

When you are admitted to the hospital before surgery, you’ll probably be asked to sign a form called “informed consent.” This means that you are agreeing to the surgery, fully understanding what’s going to happen and what risks you are accepting in the process. Be sure to ask for the form before you receive any anesthesia that may make you feel groggy, and long enough before surgery that you have time to read and understand it.

Informed consent forms are designed to make sure that: Your doctor has told you exactly what he or she is planning to do. You are aware of alternative treatment options. You understand the plan for surgery and its associated risks. No matter how highly you regard your doctor, read over the form carefully.

Be sure to sign a consent form only for the procedure you and your doctor have discussed and agreed upon in advance.

What Happens in the Operating Room

If you’ve never been in an operating room before, all the equipment and hustle and bustle can be disconcerting. You’ll probably see a lot of people you’ve never seen before. There may be a lot of noise as the surgical team talks to one another and puts equipment in place. Many surgeons will come in while you’re still awake to say hello and give you last-minute reassurance.

You may feel cold. Don’t be shy about asking for a blanket!

Much of the equipment you see is designed to help your surgical team watch you very carefully during surgery: A blood pressure cuff will be placed on your arm. An electrocardiograph machine will monitor your heart rate. A finger clip will measure your blood oxygen levels and anesthesia.

A breathing tube may be placed in your throat. For longer surgeries (over an hour) compression boots or stockings may be placed on your lower legs to prevent blood clotting. These are strange-feeling but not uncomfortable or painful.

Just before surgery, your skin will be cleaned with an antiseptic solution, and your body will be covered with a sterile drape, leaving only the area to be operated on uncovered.